Category: How-To

The free version of SketchUp offers many tools for drawing in 3D.

Following is a list of them and how to use them.

Select Tool

Select items and objects in the model.

Tool Operation

1. Click on an item or object.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Ctrl = Add an item to the selection set.
• Hold Shift = Add and/or subtract an item to/from the selection set.
• Hold Shift+Ctrl = Subtract an item from a selection set.

Tips

• Double-click a face to select the face and all of its edges.
• Double-click an edge to select the edge and the faces that share it.
• Triple-click an edge or face to select all connected items.
• Double-click an object to edit it.
• Ctrl+A = Select all visible items in the model.
• Ctrl+T = Deselect all selected items in the model.

Lasso Tool

Make precise selections.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag to draw selection boundary.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Ctrl = Add an item to the selection set.
• Hold Shift = Add and/or subtract an item to/from the selection set.
• Hold Shift+Ctrl = Subtract an item from a selection set.

Tips

• Drag to the right to create a window selection that will capture items entirely within the selection boundary.
• Drag to the left to create a crossing selection that will capture anything the selection boundary touches.
• Make single-click selections just like the Select tool.

Eraser Tool

Erase entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click on entity to erase. Alternatively, hold down mouse button drag over entities. All entities are erased when mouse button is released.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Toggle soften and smooth edges.
• Alt = Toggle unsmooth edges and unhide edges and objects.
• Shift = Toggle hide edges and objects.
• Ctrl + Shift = Toggle deselect edges and objects selected by the eraser tool.

Paint Bucket Tool

Assign colors and materials to items and objects.

Tool Operation

1. (Optional) Preselect the items or objects that you want to paint.
2. Select a materials library using drop down list in Materials Browser.
3. Select a material from materials library.
4. Click on faces to paint.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Sample material for painting.
• Shift = Toggle paint all faces with matching materials.
• Ctrl = Toggle paint all connected faces with matching materials.
• Shift + Ctrl = Toggle paint all faces on the same object with matching materials.

Line Tool

Draw edges or line entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set the first point.
2. Move cursor.
3. Click to set the second point (creating an edge).
4. (Optional) Move cursor.
5. (Optional) Click to set a third point.
6. (Optional) Repeat step 4-5 to create additional connected edges.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Cycle through linear inference options (All On; All Off; Parallel/Perpendicular Only).
• Hold Shift = Lock Line tool to the current direction inference.
• Arrow keys = Lock Line tool to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Once you’ve drawn a closed loop of at least 3 coplanar edges, a face will fill in automatically.

Freehand Tool

Create hand-drawn curve entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag to draw a freehand curve.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Decrease the segments of the last drawn freehand curve.
• Alt = Increase the segments of the last drawn freehand curve.
• Before an operation, use arrow keys to lock the drawing plane of a curve (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Segments may only be modified immediately after creating a curve.

Arc Tool

Draw Arc entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set arc’s center. Optionally, click and drag first point to set drawing plane.
2. Move cursor to define first arc point or enter radius.
3. Click to set first arc point.
4. Move cursor around the protractor guide or enter angle.
5. Click to set second arc point.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Lock current inference direction.
• Arrow keys (before 1st click) = Lock protractor rotation axis direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).
• Arrow keys (after 1st click) = Lock drawing direction to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Click Window > Model Info > Units > Angle Units to change snapping angle.
• Ctrl '+' or Ctrl '-'= Change the number of segments.

2-Point Arc Tool

Draw 2-Point Arc entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set start point of arc.
2. Click at ending point of arc or enter value.
3. Click to set bulge distance or enter value to finish arc.

Tool Operation (Tangent Inference locked)

1. Click to set start point of arc at an existing edge or vertex.
2. Click an end point for arc, or enter value.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Lock tangent arc drawing.
• Hold Shift = Lock current inference direction.
• Arrow keys = Lock drawing direction to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Ctrl '+' or Ctrl '-'= Change the number of segments.
• When multiple edges intersect, define tangency by hovering over one of the edges before starting the arc.

3-Point Arc Tool

Draw 3-Point Arc entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set start point of arc.
2. Click to set second point. The arc will always go through this point.
3. Click to finish the arc, or enter an angle to define arc’s section of a circle.

Tool Operation (Tangent Inference locked)

1. Click to set start point of arc at an existing edge or vertex.
2. Click an end point for arc, or enter value.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Lock tangent arc drawing.
• Hold Shift = Lock current inference direction.
• Arrow keys = Lock drawing direction to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Ctrl '+' or Ctrl '-'= Change the number of segments.
• When multiple edges intersect, define tangency by hovering over one of the edges before starting the arc.

Pie Tool

Draw Pie entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set pie’s center. Optionally, click and drag first point to set drawing plane.
2. Move cursor to define first arc point or enter radius.
3. Click to set first arc point.
4. Move cursor around the protractor guide or enter angle.
5. Click to set second arc point.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Lock current inference direction.
• Arrow keys (before 1st click) = Lock protractor rotation axis direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).
• Arrow keys (after 1st click) = Lock drawing direction to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Click Window > Model Info > Units > Angle Units to change snapping angle.
• Ctrl '+' or Ctrl '-'= Change the number of segments.

Rectangle Tool

Draw rectangular face entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set first corner.
2. Move cursor diagonally.
3. Click to set second corner.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Toggle drawing from center.
• Hold Shift = Lock Rectangle to current drawing plane inference.
• Arrow keys = Toggle lock drawing plane inference (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• When drawing rectangles, you can specify length & width by separating the measurements with a comma. For example: to draw a two foot by four foot rectangle, you can enter 2', 4' into the measurement box. The order of the measurements matches the order of the axes (R, G, B). For example: Red, then Green; Red, then Blue; or Green, then Blue.

Rotated Rectangle Tool

Draw rectangular face entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set first corner. Optionally, click and drag first point to set drawing plane.
2. Move your cursor around the protractor to set the direction of the first edge.
3. Click to set second corner.
4. Move your cursor to set the length and angle of the second edge.
5. Click to set third and final corner.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Lock current inference direction.
• Alt (after 1st click) = Lock drawing plane for first edge.
• Alt (on a locked plane, after first click) = Set protractor baseline.
• Alt (after 2nd click) = Set protractor baseline.
• Arrow keys (before 1st click) = Lock protractor rotation axis direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).
• Arrow keys (after 1st click) = Lock drawing direction to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.

Circle Tool

Draw Circle entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set center point.
2. Move cursor away from center point to define radius.
3. Click to finish circle.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Lock current inference direction.
• Arrow keys (before 1st click) = Lock surface normal (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).
• Arrow keys (after 1st click) = Lock drawing direction to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Ctrl '+' or Ctrl '-'= Change the number of segments.

Polygon Tool

Draw Polygon entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set center point.
2. Move cursor away from center point to define radius.
3. Click to finish polygon.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Lock current inference direction.
• Ctrl = Toggle between inscribed and circumscribed radii of polygon.
• Arrow keys (before 1st click) = Lock surface normal (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).
• Arrow keys (after 1st click) = Lock drawing direction to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Ctrl '+' or Ctrl '-'= Change the number of segments.

3D Text Tool

Push/Pull Tool

Push and pull face entities to add or subtract volume from your 3D models.

Tool Operation

1. (Optional) Preselect the face that you want to push/pull.
2. Click on a face to start push/pulling.
3. Move cursor to push or pull face.
4. Click to set face or enter distance.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Toggle create new starting face.
• Alt = Toggle Stretch mode.

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation and clear selection.
• When a face is pre-selected, you can click anywhere in the model to begin push/pulling it, and then click anywhere to set it down.
• Double-click to repeat a Push/Pull distance, in the same direction.

Follow Me Tool

Extrude a face along a path.

Tool Operation (Nothing Pre-selected)

1. Click the face of the profile that you want to extrude.
2. Move cursor along the edge or edges that you want the profile to follow.
3. Click to set the extrusion.

Tool Operation (Preselect Path)

1. Use the Select tool to pre-select a continuous set of edges to define the path.
2. (Alternatively) Pre-select a face to define the perimeter of the face as the path.
3. Activate the Follow Me tool.
4. Click the face of the profile that you want to extrude.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Use perimeter of face as the path.

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.

Offset Tool

Create copies of lines at a uniform distance from originals.

Tool Operation

1. Click on a face.
2. Move cursor.
3. Click to finish offset operation.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Toggle allow/trim overlap.

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.

Outer Shell Tool

Combine all selected solid objects into a single solid object and remove interior items.

Tool Operation

1. Select first solid object.
2. Select second solid object.
3. Select next solid object or press Esc to complete.

Move Tool

Move or copy entities, and/or rotate objects.

Tool Operation

1. Click on an entity or object to pick it up.
2. Move cursor to move entity or object to a new location.
3. Click to set it down or enter a distance.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Cycle Move/Copy/Stamp.
• Alt = Toggle Autofold mode (useful for overriding Move tool constraints); when hovered over an object, use Alt to cycle through grip types.
• Shift = Lock Move to the current inference direction.
• Arrow keys = Toggle lock inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• When items are pre-selected, you can click anywhere in the model to begin moving them, and then click anywhere to set them down. This is an effective way to move things precisely and/or align things to other things.
• Click the red crosshairs that appear on the bounding box of an object to rotate that object.
• After moving a copy, you can type a number followed by the X key and then press Enter to create an array of copies.

Rotate Tool

Rotate, stretch, distort, or copy items or objects along a rounded path.

Tool Operation

1. (Optional) Preselect the items or objects you want to rotate.
2. Click on an item or object to both make a selection and set the center point of rotation.
3. Move cursor to indicate start point of rotation.
4. Click to set starting point of rotation.
5. Move cursor to indicate end point of rotation.
6. Click to complete rotation, or enter angle in degrees.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Toggle rotate a copy.
• Before first click, hold Shift to lock protractor inference.
• Before first click, use arrow keys to toggle the protractor inference lock direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).
• After first click, use arrow keys to toggle rotation inference lock direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• During Step #2 of the tool operation steps above, you can click-drag the protractor along an edge or axis to set an axis of rotation.
• After rotating a copy, you can type a number followed by the letter X and then press Enter to create a rotated array of copies.
• When inputting rotation values into the Measurements box, you can enter either an angle of rotation, in degrees (for example 45 Enter),or a slope expressed as a rise:run architectural slope notation (for example 4:12 Enter).

Scale Tool

Resize or stretch items and objects.

Tool Operation

1. (Optional) Preselect the items or objects you want to scale.
2. Click on a face or object.
3. Click on a Scale grip.
4. Move cursor to resize or stretch item or object.
5. Click to finish scaling item or object.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Toggle scale about center.
• Shift = Toggle uniform scale.

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• Click a corner grip for 3-way scale. Default = Uniform. Pressing Shift = Non-uniform.
• Click a midline grip for 2-way scale. Default = Non-uniform. Pressing Shift = Uniform.
• Click a center grip for 1-way scale. Default = Non-uniform. Pressing Shift = Uniform.
• When scaling an item or object you have the option to enter either a scale factor (for example 2.5 Enter will make the things you’re scaling 250%, or two and a half times bigger), or you can simply input the size that you want the thing you’re scaling to be (for example, if scaling up along the blue axis direction, 6' Enter will make the selection six feet tall).

Tape Measure Tool

Measure distances, create guide lines, or scale a model.

Tool Operation

1. Click at starting point of measurement.
2. Move cursor.
3. Click at ending point of measurement.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Toggle create guide lines.
• Hold Shift = Lock Tape Measure to current inference direction.
• Arrow keys = Lock Tape Measure to specific inference direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• After measuring from point to point, you can input a distance to scale/resize the model.
• When in Create Guide mode, begin on an edge to create a guide of infinite length; begin on a point to create a guide of finite length.

Dimension Tool

Place Dimension entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click at starting point of dimension.
2. Move cursor.
3. Click at ending point of dimension.
4. Move cursor to pull out the dimension string.
5. Click to set the dimension string.

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.

Text Tool

Create Text entities.

Tool Operation

1. Click on an entity to indicate ending point of leader line (location where leader will point).
2. Move cursor to position text.
3. Click to place text.
4. (Optional) Click in text box.
5. (Optional) Enter text in text box.
6. Click outside text box to complete operation.

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.

Section Plane Tool

Create section cuts through your model or objects.

Tool Operation

1. Click on a face to create a section plane that is aligned to that face.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift (before 1st click) = Lock section plane to current orientation.
• Arrow keys = Toggle lock section plane orientation (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).

Tips

• It’s possible to activate multiple section planes at the same time, as long as the section planes are in different contexts. For example, you can activate one section plane through the model, and then activate another section plane through a group or component object and have both planes active at the same time.

Protractor Tool

Measure angles and create angled guide line entities.

Tool Operation

1. Place protractor’s center at vertex of angle.
2. Click to set vertex. (Alternatively: click and drag first point to set rotation plane.)
3. Move cursor in circle until touching start of angle.
4. Click to set start of angle.
5. Move cursor in circle until touching end of angle.
6. Click to measure angle.

Modifier Keys

• Ctrl = Toggle create guide lines.
• Before first click, hold Shift to lock protractor inference.
• Before first click, use arrow keys to toggle the protractor inference lock direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel).
• After first click, use arrow keys to toggle rotation inference lock direction (→ = Red, ← = Green, ↑ = Blue, ↓ = Parallel/Perpendicular).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• When inputting rotation values into the Measurements box, you can enter either an angle of rotation, in degrees (for example 45 Enter ), or a slope expressed as a rise:run architectural slope notation (for example 4:12 Enter).

Axes Tool

Move or reorient drawing axes.

Tool Operation

1. Click to set axis origin.
2. Move cursor to locate direction for the red axis.
3. Click to set the red axis.
4. Move cursor to locate direction for the green axis.
5. Click to set the green axis.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Alternate axis orientation (after clicking to set the origin).

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.

Tag Tool

Apply tags to objects.

Tool Operation

1. Select a single tag in the Tags panel.
2. Click on an item or object to assign the selected tag.

Modifier Keys

• Alt = Sample the assigned tag from an object or item.
• Ctrl = Apply a tag to all instances of a component.
• Shift = Replace the current tag of all items in a given context with the selected tag.

Tips

• Before tagging edges and faces, consider creating groups or components, and then tag the group or component instead.
• Use ‘Select > All with Tag’ in the right-click context menu to select all items in a given context that share the same tag.
• Color by Tag can be a useful way to identify which tags have been assigned to which items.

Walk Tool

Walk through (tour) a model.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag the cursor: Up = Walk forward; Down = Walk backward; Left = Turn left; Right = Turn right.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Float up instead of forward, or down instead of backward.
• Hold Ctrl = Run instead of walk.
• Hold Alt = Walk through things.

Tips

• Esc = Cancel operation.
• The further you drag the cursor away from the start point (indicated by crosshairs), the faster you’ll walk.

Position Camera Tool

Position camera at a specific eye height.

Tool Operation

1. Click anywhere in the model to place the camera. The camera will be positioned above the point where you click, at the eye height distance specified in the measurements box.
2. (Optional) Click and drag from one point in the model to another point in the model to create a target camera. The point you drag from will be the exact location where the camera will be positioned, the point you drag to will establish the camera target.

Look Around Tool

Pivot camera from a stationary point.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag the cursor to pivot the camera (i.e. look around in the model).

Tips

• Esc = Enable previously selected tool.

Orbit Tool

Orbit camera around model.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag cursor within the drawing area to orbit the camera.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Pan tool.
• Hold Ctrl = Suspend gravity (do not try to keep vertical edges up and down).

Tips

• Esc = Enable previously selected tool.

Pan Tool

Move camera vertically or horizontally.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag cursor within the drawing area to pan the camera.

Tips

• Esc = Enable previously selected tool.

Zoom Tool

Move camera in or out.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag cursor within the drawing area to zoom the camera.

Modifier Keys

• Hold Shift = Change field of view degrees.

Tips

• Esc = Enable previously selected tool.

Zoom Window Tool

Zoom in to a specific area of the model.

Tool Operation

1. Click and drag the cursor across the items in the model that you want to zoom into.

Tips

• Esc = Enable previously selected tool.

Materials

• Caulk
• Caulking gun
• Grout sponge
• Bucket with water

Steps

1. Apply caulk to baseboard
2. Run finger along caulk to smoothen it out
3. Wet and rinse sponge
4. Run sponge along caulk once on each side
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until caulk looks good

So, last week I renovated one of my rental properties. This included replacing an old kitchen from 1995 with a new one. Here’s an overview of the process.

1. Take a picture of and measure the old kitchen cabinets

I just drew the measurements in Photoshop. Note that the picture below is what the cabinets looked like in 2008. The remodel was done in 2021 and the cabinets were is much worse condition then.

2. Design and order new cabinets

Cabinet Prices

Cabinet prices can vary widely. Home Depot, for example, is expensive. HD Supply has cheap cabinets but they look cheap. IKEA’s cabinets are mid-priced but you have assemble them. Chinese stores have cheap cabinets that look expensive. They also come pre-assembled. But, you have to inspect each cabinet before installing them because their quality control isn’t very good.

Cabinet or Drawers

There are base cabinets that sit on the floor and wall cabinets that are on the wall. Wall cabinets are always just cabinets with a swing out door. They are more expensive if the door has a glass window in it. Base cabinets can be regular cabinets or have drawers. If they are just cabinets, then you’d have a hard time reaching for items in the back of them. If they are drawers, then you can just slide out the drawers to access anything in them. Since drawers require more material and come with sliding mechanisms, they are more expensive then drawers.

Types of Cabinets

2D / 3D Design

I ended up just buying the cabinets from a Chinese store (warehouse) called Uni Tile & Marble.

I ended up choosing solid gray color cabinets. This is because the house is a rental house and tenants somehow ruin the surface of the cabinets, I can later just easily repaint the cabinets. This is what the cabinets look like in the showroom.

Countertops

For the countertop, the one on display was off white with a random gray design.

It contrasted well with the gray cabinets and looked exotic but it was also more expensive than other countertops on offer. I decided to go with a cheaper countertop ($300 per 8 foot slab) but my tenant offered to pay the difference for the more expensive countertop so I ended up getting the more expensive one.

Quarts countertops are super heavy and require special handling and are not easy to cut. I ended up paying the store to transport and install the countertops. If you’re looking for a cheaper DIY option, you can just buy cheap laminate countertops at the Home Depot and use a simple jigsaw to cut out the sink hole.

Sinks

For the sink, I prefer the large single basin type. Even though they’re available at Chinese stores, Chinese stores then to have outdated return policies with unreasonable restocking fees (25%) so for these types of items, I buy them at the Home Depot or Lowes.

Faucet

For the faucet, I definitely prefer the type in the picture below. It makes it easier to spray and clean the entire sink or whatever else you are washing / cleaning.

3. Pick Up New Cabinets

I could have had the cabinets delivered for a ridiculous $200 fee but since I need to dispose of the old cabinets, I decided to rent a 10′ U-Haul box truck to both pick up the new cabinets and transport the old cabinets to the dump.

A 10′ box truck was big enough to lay all cabinets on the truck bed.

The house were the cabinets will be installed.

4. Demolish Old Cabinets

The old cabinets were original to the house from 1995. They were definitely low quality cabinets. They were just screwed into the wall. Some sections were large so I used a Milwaukee Monster sawzall to cut cabinets in half.

5. Dispose of Old Cabinets

Since we had the truck for 24 hours, we loaded the old cabinets and other construction debris in it

and took it to the dump where I paid $138 to dump it all.

6. Prepare Wall

After removing the kitchen cabinets, the walls needed to be patched up and painted.

First, we enlarged some of the holes in the wall by cutting with an oscillating tool. The holes were shaped like rectangles where vertical edges would be along the center of studs. This would allow us to screw drywall nails through them into the studs. Cutting drywall was easy using a small, cordless reciprocating saw.

We then patched crevices with spackling paste.

After waiting for the spackling paste to dry, I then used an orbital sander to smoothen the wall surface.

I then sprayed wall texture to try to match the texture of the existing wall. This didn’t work well as the material was often clogging up. Next time, just use an air compressor with an actual texture sprayer gun.

I then painted the ceiling Swiss Coffee.

And painted the walls Roman Plaster.

I then touched up the corners where the two colors met. Semigloss paint was used to make cleaning easier.

7. Mark Walls

After the paint dried, we marked where all the studs in the wall were using a stud finder and then marked level (horizontal) and plumb (vertical) points using a laser level.

Then, we connected the points and drew outlines for where the cabinets would go. Note that the distance between the countertop to the bottom of the wall cabinets should be 18 inches.

8. Install Cabinets

We then installed the wall cabinets first. To facilitate this, we screwed a 2×4 to the wall so we could sit the cabinets on it while we screw the cabinets into the wall. If a cabinet didn’t span 2 studs, we’d use drywall anchors.

If walls or floor are not level or flat, use shims.

9. Install Cabinet Handles

To facilitate installing the cabinet handles perfectly, we bought a plastic template / jig. It did not work for drawers, though, so for drawers, we made our own jig.

10. Install Microwave

Since the microwave goes above the range, we installed that next. This required cutting holes in the cabinet above it for bolts and the vent.

11. Install Plywood on Base Cabinets

We then cut plywood and screwed it to the base cabinets.

12. Install Sink

We then cut a hole in the plywood for the sink using a mini circular saw for the straight sides and a jig saw for the corners. Then we installed the faucet, soap dispenser, dishwasher air gap, and garbage disposer to the sink and then installed the sink. This was done before installing the countertop because the countertop would not be ready for another 2 weeks.

I just got a top mount sink that includes the faucet holes rather than an undermount sink. This simplified installation.

13. Install Crown Molding

We then installed the crown molding. This was very tricky for a couple of reasons.

• depending on the shape of the top of your wall cabinets and the shape of your crown molding, there may not be enough surface area to shoot finish nails into or there may not be enough clearance to shoot nails from above
• cutting miter angles can be tricky and holding the crown molding down on the miter saw the same way isn’t easy.

Cutting the crown molding

Fortunately for this project, we only needed 45 degree cuts. But, we messed up a few times at first and wasted some expensive molding. Here are some tips to cut crown molding easily and correctly each time.

Label the surface of the miter saw “TOP” to remind yourself that the top of the crown molding should be facing down and the bottom of the molding flat against the fence.

Find a way to secure 2 pieces of wood to the sides of the miter saw.

Place your crown molding against the fence and then screw a piece of plywood or wood board to the two pieces of wood on each side of the miter saw. This allow you to put the crown molding on the saw at the same angle every time ensuring perfect cuts.

Installing the crown molding

For our particular case, we decided to secure the crown molding to thin plywood using small screws. We then lifted it and let it sit on top of the wall cabinets – no further screwing or nailing necessary.

14. Install Baseboard and Trim Molding

We then cut the baseboard and trim molding to length and shot them into the cabinets using a finish nailer powered by an air compressor. The baseboard and molding were necessary to hide gaps between the cabinets and the floor and walls.

15. Install The Countertop

For the countertops, I decided to go with quartz instead of marble. Since it’s very heavy and tricky to cut and to smoothen the edges, I decided to just pay someone to install the countertops.

First, one of the 8 foot slabs was cut to go on each side of the range. I believe this was done using a diamond blade.

A thin strip of the excess material was cut to make a finished end. The strip was secured using a special epoxy glue.

The strip was then clamped down and the epoxy left to cure for a while.

The installer intentionally cut the slab and the thin strip to be longer than the final length so that after the strip was secured he could cut and trim the end where you see all the glue oozing out.

This resulted in a very clean joint. He then smoothened the end.

This is how the joint ended up looking (with some dust that would eventually be wiped off).

For the sink side, a hole was cut out.

To create rounded corners, the installer cut a bunch of lines at each corner.

And then using a flathead screwdriver, broke off the thin pieces.

And then used an angle grinder to grind away rough edges to create a smooth rounded corner.

They then glued the quartz countertop to the plywood.

And this is the end result.

Note that we also

• replaced the flourescent tube light box with flat LED lights
• painted the walls BEHR Roman Plaster (semigloss)
• replaced the old style kitchen outlets and switches with new Decora ones including adding a dimmer for the very bright LED lights
• replaced the linoleum sheet / vinyl tile flooring with LifeProof Dusk Cherry luxury vinyl planks.

Tools

This project was big enough that I ended up bringing most of my tools to the worksite.

If you have an electrical outlet or switch that isn’t working, here are some steps for debugging and fixing the issue. First of all, it’s important to understand the flow of electricity within a typical home.

Electrical Components and Electricity Flow

1. Electricity comes through a cable from your local utility to your house
2. That cable enters a circuit breaker panel on a wall
3. The circuit breaker panel contains many circuit breakers.
4. Each circuit breaker has electrical wiring to different parts of the house (kitchen, bedrooms, living room, bathroom, garage, etc). For example, below is a picture of electrical wiring from one circuit breaker in the panel going to 4 outlets. The wiring (or circuit) forms a loop. Electricity flows
   1. from the panel
   2. through the circuit breaker
   3. through the black (hot) wire
   4. through each outlet
   5. through the white (neutral / return) wire
   6. through each outlet
   7. and back to the circuit breaker panel

The bare copper or green wire (ground) goes from each outlet to the circuit breaker panel and then to a rod stuck in the ground.

5. Each circuit delivers 120 V (volts) of electricity or 240 V depending on the use. Most circuits carry 120 V but electric ranges, electric water heaters and electric clothes dryers carry 240 V since they require more power to function.
6. Each circuit breaker is rated for a specific number of amperes (amps). Usually 20 A for circuits that require more power, e.g. kitchens, and 15 A for circuits that don’t require much power, e.g. bedrooms.
7. Circuits that require more power (e.g. 20 Amps vs 15 Amps) use thicker electrical wiring. The smaller the gauge number, the thicker the wire.
   1. 12 gauge Romex is rated for 20 Amps and is commonly yellow jacketed.
   • 14 gauge Romex is still used in some applications and is rated for 15 Amps and is grey jacketed.
   • 10 gauge Romex has an orange jacket and is used for water heaters or clothes driers.

8. The power (P) available to any particular circuit is determined by the voltage (V) running through it and the amps (A) the circuit breaker and the wiring support. The formula for power is P = VxI. So, if a circuit has 120 V and is rated for 15 A, then it supports a maximum power of 120 x 15 = 1800 Watts.
9. Each device (toaster, laptop, lamp, refrigerator, TV, etc) plugged into an outlet or is in a circuit draws power. The device will indicate how many amps it draws or power (in watts) is consumes to work. For example, below is a label on the back of a toaster oven. It requires 120V AC (alternating current, as opposed to DC, direct current) and it consumes up to 1200 W of power.

This toaster, which consumes up to 1200 W, can be used on a 15 A circuit because a 15 A circuit supports up to 1800 W of power. However, if two of these toasters were plugged in to the came 15 A circuit, then they’d both consume up to 1200 + 1200 = 2400 W which exceeds the power rating of the circuit. This would cause the circuit breaker associated with the circuit to trip and disconnect power to the circuit. Without the circuit breaker, the 15 A rated wiring would begin to melt due to the heat buildup and possibly catch on fire. If the circuit breaker turns off, you can toggle it back on.

In the picture above, the first outlet is a GFCI (ground fault circuit interrupter) outlet. It behaves like a circuit breaker. If the total power drawn through the outlet exceeds its rating, e.g. 15 A or 20 A, then the outlet would disconnect itself from the circuit thereby rendering the entire circuit without power because it is the first device in the circuit. If a GFCI outlet turns off, you can push a button on it to reset it.

Debugging Electrical Outlets / Switches

Now that we understand basic home electricity, we can make a list of things to check for debugging a non-working outlet or switch or entire circuit.

Outlet not working

Check all circuit breakers in the circuit breaker panel. If any are off, turn them on.

If the outlet is a GFCI outlet, it may have been turned off. Push the RESET button on it to turn it on.

Check neighboring outlets to see if they are working or not as they may be on the same circuit as the outlet that isn’t working. If the neighboring outlets are not working, see if any are GFCI outlets. If any are, then push the RESET button to turn them on. A GFCI outlet that is off will cause downstream devices (outlets, switches, etc) to also be off.

Using a voltage tester tool, test for the presence of voltage at each component (outlet, switch, circuit breaker). Some voltage testers will beep and/or show a red color when it detects voltage.

Try to determine which components (outlets, switches) are on a circuit and in what order.

Plug an outlet tester into the outlet to check whether the wires were installed correctly. For example, the outlet may have an open neutral meaning the white wire may be disconnected. Even if the black (hot) wire is connected, if the white (neutral) wire is disconnected, then the outlet, and all downstream outlets, won’t work. Using an outlet tester is the easiest way to test continuity in wires.

If an open neutral exists, open the outlet and verify the white wire is installed correctly. If the outlet tester still reports an open neutral, then the white wire may be loose or disconnected on the other end, e.g. at the circuit breaker. If the white wire is connected at the circuit breaker, then it could be disconnected somewhere in between both end points, which could happen if a rat chewed on the wire. In that case, new wiring needs to be added.

If the outlet tester reports an open ground (ground wire not connected), then the outlet will still work but it’s not safe to use.

Use the outlet tester on ALL outlets in a circuit. A disconnect in one outlet can cause all downstream outlets to not work.

In order for an outlet to work, electricity must flow from the black wire into the outlet and out from the white wire thereby creating a loop. The outlet tester is one way to check for continuity. Another is by using a multimeter. A multimeter can also be used to trace wires through walls to see to find each end point.

If an outlet sort of works, e.g. a light connected to it is dim or flickers, it could be because there are too many devices drawing too much power to it or the voltage in the circuit is too low, e.g. 85 V instead of 120 V. To determine the actual voltage on the line, you can use a multimeter.

So, I was going to replace the old bamboo flooring in the living room and vinyl tiles on top of linoleum sheet flooring in the dining and kitchen areas of my rental with tile but since I hate dealing with mortar and cutting tile, I asked some contractors to do it. Apparently they all want thousands of dollars so I decided to instead install luxury vinyl planks which are easy enough to do myself (or with a helper). I decided to go with this particular brand and color:

Lifeproof Dusk Cherry 8.7 in. W x 47.6 in. L Luxury Vinyl Plank Flooring

It’s exclusive to the Home Depot and it looks pretty nice. It costs $2.99 per square foot but it comes with the underlayment pre-attached which greatly simplifies installation.

These planks are waterproof and float on the subfloor. No glue or mortar is necessary. The planks click and lock into each other.

Following are some tips I came up with after following the instructions and realizing the instructions could be better.

Subfloor preparation

Removing linoleum sheet / vinyl tile and adhesive

Don’t try to do this by hand. Spend a little bit of money ($85) and rent a power floor scraper. You’ll save a ton of time and energy.

Notice how the top part of the blade sits underneath the black curved deflector. This was problematic because vinyl tiles that were getting stuck where those two parts meet making it difficult to move forward.

To fix this, I unscrewed the bolts and put the scraper blade above the deflector.

This tool is loud and heavy and can’t reach into tight spaces. For tight spaces, I bought a pneumatic floor scraper from Harbor Freight.

This tool requires a compressor that preferably has a large tank. I have a small 2.5 gallon compressor and this tool would work very well at high pressure for about 30 seconds before losing strength. I’d have to stop for another 20 seconds for the compressor tank to fill up before proceeding again with high pressure. To address this, you can buy or rent a large air compressor.

Removing tile flooring and mortar

If you have a lot of tile to remove, you can rent a demolition hammer with the following scraper / breaker attachments.

Installing click-lock vinyl plank flooring

Cutting planks

The instructions say to use a utility knife to score planks on both sides and snapping them into two pieces. Though that works without producing any vinyl dust, doing this a lot can get tiring very quickly and is error prone. Instead, just buy a flooring saw like the SKIL 4-3/8-in 7-Amp Sliding Corded Miter Saw.

It’s lightweight and can do rip and cross cuts.

For clean cuts, place the plank face side down and underlayment side up.

If you need to cut irregular shapes or cuts that are difficult with a flooring saw, just use an angle grinder if the cuts don’t need to be perfect since they’ll be hidden underneath baseboard. I temporarily took off the blade guard so I could see where I was cutting.

Spacers

You’re supposed to leave a 1/4 inch gap between the wall and the planks. At first I used the spacers that came with a flooring kit from Harbor Freight.

Though this kit is cheap, the spacers and the tapping block are no good. The red spacers keep falling out of place and the tapping block is made of rubber which helps protect the vinyl planks from damage but it makes it difficult to tap the planks together. Instead, by the following tapping block and spacers. Or, just buy the kit which comes with 2 other tools.

Pro Flooring Installation Kit for Vinyl, Laminate and Hardwood Flooring

The hammer doubles has a hard side for hitting the tapping black and a soft (mallet) side for hitting vinyl plank seams. Since I did not have this kit, I used a separate hammer and mallet.

Installation Steps

1. First Row
   Starting at one end, place a spacer against the wall and lay planks down to lay the first row. Overlay the short end of the planks and tap them together using a mallet.
2. Second and Even Number Rows
   Cut a plank in half or at least 8 inches from one end to stagger the placement of planks. Make sure that no plank pieces are less than 8 inches long, if possible.
3. Install plank by wall
   Place a spacer by the wall, place a plank such that the long edge overlaps the long edge of the existing plank in the first row at a 45 degree angle.

Then, lay the plank down and tap down on the two long edges using a mallet.

4. Install next planks
   The subsequent planks will have two edges that need to be snapped into place – a long edge and a short edge. Again, position the plank at an angle to get the long edge into the groove of the neighboring plank’s long edge. Then, slide the plank towards the short edge of the neighboring plank’s short edge. Lay the plank down and hit the short edge using a mallet.

Then, using a hammer, hit the tapping block so there’s no gap between the long edges of the plank.

Keep doing this until you get to the last plank in that row.

5. Install last plank in row
   For the last plank in the row, you’ll likely need to cut the plank. Then, install the plank. If you notice any short edges of the planks in that row have a gap, you can close the gap by using the following method. Notice I put the tapping block underneath the metal pull bar which worked better than if you don’t use the tapping block.

Repeat above steps for each row till you’re done.